Bruce Dawe Poem Analysis Essay Example for Free

Bruce Dawe Poem Analysis Essay Decode the question: How has the composer represented the concept of heroism in the film Gladiator? Make specific reference to two key scenes in the film. You MUST NOT choose scenes which have been analysed already in the course work (i.e. scenes I-III, XI-XIII, and XXVI). Write approximately 1000 words. Select Two key scenes: XXXI -Maximus has defeated the greatest gladiator ever to fight XLVI The Final Battle Create a mind map Organise ideas, texts references: Summary, presentation of Heroic concept, references to 2 keyed scenes with quotes notes Draft Do the draft as needed above Edit draft Edit as necessary Submit draft in Final written essay The Essay: Maximus was a powerful Roman General (strong belief, inner strength never dies, stood up for his belief no matter the consequences), loved by the people and the aging Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, known in history as the final of the Five Good Emperors. Before his death, the Emperor chose Maximus to be his heir over his own son, Commodus in an attempt to allow Rome to once more become a Republic. Then a power struggle left Maximus and his family condemned to death. The powerful General was unable to save his family, and his loss let him captured and put into slavery and trained as a Gladiator  by Proximo until he died. The only desire that fueled him at the time was the chance to rise to the top so that he would be able to look into the eyes of the man who would feel his revenge and fulfill the dying wish of his emperor. The time came when Proximos troupe was called to Rome to participate in a marathon of gladiator games held at the behest of the new emperor, Commodus. Once in Rome, Maximus wasted no time in making his presence known, and was soon involved in a plot to overthrow the emperor with his former-love Lucilla, Commodus sister, after whom he lusted, and also the widowed mother of Lucius, heir to the empire after his uncle, and democratic-minded senator, Gracchus was reinstated for Rome to republic. The composer has set up the representation of the heroism concept (50-60%) throughout the Gladiator film, from the opening scene, when the Hero leaves his pleasant vision (his wife and child) to return to the Germania battle field and to: face the 1st execution 1st fight as a gladiator release his name fight against the greatest warrior face Commodus fight in the Final battle As the opening scene and the above listed 3 scenes where the heroic concept has been discussed in the course work, the responder can also find the concept of heroism in the fight against the greatest gladiator and in the Final battle. The fight against the greatest gladiator Tigris turns to Caesars box, with swords crossed, he bows, We who are about to die salute you. Maximus stands by, showing no salute whatsoever. As Maximus gets ready to fight the large doors to the arena are thrown open, surprising Maximus. From each door emerges a team of men, who run into the arena. Each team picks up a chain from the sand. Maximus becomes distracted and Tigris kicks sand into Maximus face and begins the fight. As the fight continues and as Maximus is thrown to the ground, a trap door opens and out jumps a large tiger, pouncing at the fighting gladiators. Maximus is now  having to escape the claws of the tigers as he battles Tigris. In the background can be heard loose, loose, loose and pull, pull, pull as the handlers coordinate their efforts in handling each of the tigers that are now on the arena floor growling and charging at Maximus.] [Maximus manages to disarm Tigris, switching his sword from one hand to the other, Maximus stands ready to finish off Tigris. Suddenly, a fourth tiger jumps out of a trap door and jumps at Maximus. In that split second, Maximus turns and the tiger is speared with his sword. Maximus is thrown to the sand as the large beast lays atop him. Maximus stabs the beast repeatedly, killing it. The crowds cheer wildly. Tigris moves in for an attack. Maximus, on his back with the beast still on him, manages to grab Tigris own hatchet and with great force spikes him in the foot. Tigris bends over in pain, blood pouring from the opening of his mask. Maximus stands and kicks Tigris over to the ground. He is finished. The Final battle The trap door to the arena opens as the lift rises, encircled with the Praetorian as they stand behind their black shields. In the middle, the white clad Commodus, gazing upwardly, basking in the sun and the wounded, dying Maximus stand. All the while, Quintus staring at Maximus. As they reach the arena, the Praetorian take their place at the perimeter of the arena. Maximus stumbles to the center, slowly stooping to pick up a handful of sand, with a watchful eye on Quintus. Maximus rubs the sand in his hands and reaches for his sword but Quintus tosses it aside, and out of reach. Maximus painfully moves to where the sword has been tossed and picks it up, immediately swinging at Commodus. The two do battle. Maximus roars as he attacks Commodus. Commodus manages to cut Maximus leg. Although wounded, Maximus cuts Commodus arm causing him to drop his sword.] [Maximus begins to drift into the after-life and as he sees the gate to his home, the sword drops from his hand. Meanwhile, Commodus is calling Quintus for his sword but Quintus does not comply. Commodus then turns to the Praetorian, calling out sword. The guards begin to pull their swords when Quintus quickly tells them to sheath your swords and they quickly comply. As Commodus reaches for his hidden dagger, Maximus quickly returns to this life and, unarmed but for his strength and determination, does battle with Commodus, turning Commodus knife against him. Commodus tries relentlessly to fight  Maximus off but Maximus slowly plunges the knife into Commodus throat, further and further until it can go no further. Commodus falls to the ground. The fight over, Maximus begins to drift as he reaches out his bloodied hand, to push open the gate that leads to his home. Peace, once again, overcomes Maximus when Qu intus calls to him. Maximus, Maximus. Maximus regains consciousness.] To bring to life ancient Rome, director Ridley Scott employed great period costumes, chariots and horses, lots of dark-haired actors and actresses, and an amazing looking coliseum in the time period set in the movie. The musical score was possibly the best feature of this film, as the music is haunting and perfectly punctuates the dramatic action in soft, then ever-increasing tempos. It was a real trick to make music that would accentuate the flavor of this historical piece, and not distract it. The film used a very potent combination of long shots and close-ups to heighten the drama and yet propel responder into the immensity of the situation: the overwhelming doom that seems to be around any and every corner in Rome. For instance, at this scene where Maximus has defeated the greatest gladiator ever to fight, in a long, drawn-out battle. The bested warrior lies fallen at Maximus’ feet, awaiting his demise. The crowd chants Kill, Kill, Kill! The long shot shows Emperor Commodu s watching Maximus, and in the shot, the emperor is shown in the foreground, and Maximus appears small in the background. In this way the responder get a sense of the power that Commodus holds over Maximus. Now a medium-long shot of the crowd to get a sense of how many people are chanting for the vanquished opponent’s death; they all appear in unison, willfully they crave blood. Next a close-up of the emperor as he dramatically steps forward, arm extended. If he gives a thumbs up, the opponent should live. If he gives a thumbs-down, the opponent should be killed. His arm hangs outward and all eyes in the coliseum fall upon his hand. He gives the thumbs-down, and the crowd goes wild with roars of approval. Finally, a close-up of Maximus as he throws down his own sword in complete defiance to the emperor and to the people. The skillful editing helps contrast the morals Maximus and Commodus possess: Commodus is ruthless and political, Maximus does only what he has to, no more no less, and he is a man of his own conviction. This scene helps responder to understand why earlier the dying emperor Marcus Aurelius wanted Maximus to succeed him, he knew Maximus would do the right thing and not be  swayed easily by popular opinion. A leader must lead, not follow. Whenever the composer wanted the responder to get a sense of the size of this coliseum, he employed the cinematographer to use long range shots. When he wanted responder to get a sense of the hustle and bustle of Rome, a hand-held camera was used. The Final battle: The composer used a number of different techniques during the filming of the Final battle, including muted, washed out colors in the Coliseum. The scene is bright and colour comes across perfectly, setting the mood for the scene of battle. The fighting is filmed replete with quick cuts and a frenetic filming process; its disorienting but not so much that we cant keep track of whos who and what each participant is doing in said battle. The fighting is realistic without zooming in on the gore, as the violence speaks for itself. The composer correctly makes the scenes exciting without the need for a barf bucket.. Combat is supposed to be jarring and disorienting and the filming process actually communicates this sense to the responder very well. The responderd have to agree, as the scenes outstanding in special effects. They are seeing the Coliseum when it is a new(100 years old) and its grand structure, as it would have been in ancient Rome. Stunts are well coordinated and real tigers were used in a particular fight scene, grabbing out just inches from Maximus and his opponent. He earned his act on those days of shooting. Sound The soundtrack with its haunting score, is very memorable its scope and theme. Sound track manages to take a main character theme and vary it depending on the action, making it subtle and sweet at times, brooding and depressing at others. Throughout the film, the same musical elements are applied, bring unity and depth to the story. Besides digital sound, Dolby 5.1 is also included on the same disc

The Basic Concepts Behind Data Bases Information Technology Essay

The Basic Concepts Behind Data Bases Information Technology Essay Databases are collection of raw fact and figures or in single word we can say data in digital form, databases are classified on the basis of their content like text document, bibliographic and statistical etc. Databases are managed by software called DBMS (Database Management System), DBMS are responsible of storing, retrieving, accessing, security, backup and querying the data as fast as possible and in most efficient way. One of the most trusted DBMS in market is ORACLE DBMS. ORACLE is the most trusted in market and almost each and every organization uses it. One of the best security features of ORACLE is Secure Database Access.SDA is based on three things which are Under USER MANAGEMENT comes how much space has to be provided to each user, what level of access has to be provided to users, the space and rights of one user does not interfere with other. Under PASSWORD MANAGEMENT come the default passwords of users, defining the password complexity, deciding the password expiry time limit, password lock facility etc. Under RESOURCE LIMTS comes deciding CPU time, logical reads, concurrent session per user, idle time, amount of private SGA for shared sessions. The above mentioned security features comes with any enterprise level operating system for example SUN SOLARIS a UNIX flavored OS has all this security features where there is separate file system for all users, each and every file system and file has access permission defined for the root, the user and others, passwords for each user is there and they are stored in encrypted form and for each and every user the resources are defined. Briefly describe the purpose of firewalls and how they work, including a comparison of at least three principal types. Firewalls are a type of hardware or software which is used to protect the system or network. Firewall acts as fences around the system or network which do not allow anybody who wants unauthorized access or after access tries to do some sort of damage. To protect ones data and network Firewalls employ a number of technologies, of which the first one is simple set of rules means all the ports should be closed initially and as one goes with applications there must be ports defined for them and only those ports are opened for those applications to use, open ports are like holes which any hacker can use to access your system. There are 2 physical types of firewalls software and hardware, software firewalls are mostly used in home environment like the one provided by Nortel and McAfee, they are responsible for protecting you home pc against any sort of external attack. Hardware firewalls are commonly used in business environment, they are dedicated units which have the external world plugged in outside and the trusted network from inside and they are often available as a pair so that failure of one unit does not make the network open for attack. Both type of firewalls use a number of different techniques to keep your system and network safe, the first thing described is a rules based or packet filter system, here all data in and out is scanned to see that is in and out to trusted ports on the system and possibly even trusted IP addresses. Proxy server, this is in between the outside world internet and the trusted inside world network it scans all packets of data and make sure if they meet the packet filter rules before passing data to the machine in the trusted network. This adds a layer of security by never allowing the internet system come in direct contact with the trusted machine, network address translation do not make your internal IP address visible to the internet. A proxy server is great against brute force attacks. What are the differences between public key encryption methods and symmetric key encryption methods? Please provide one example of each category. The cryptographic technique based on two keys a public key available to all and a private/secret key known only to the person intended to have it. An important part to the public key encryption is that the keys are related in such a manner that only the public key can be used in encryption of the messages and only the corresponding private key can be utilized in decryption of messages. By no chance one can get private using the public key. Public-key encryption like Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), are growing in popularity for transferring information through internet. They are highly secure and comparatively simple to use. The one difficulty with public-key encryption is that one need to be aware of the recipients public key so that he/she can encrypt a message. What is required therefore is a global registration of public keys Symmetric key encryption for both encryption and decryption uses a same secret key. Exchange of message requires exchange of keys also among users. Message encrypted with secret key can only be decrypted with same secret key Secret-key algorithm is used in symmetric key encryption. Symmetric key encryption techniques are also called content-encryption algorithms. The big limitation of secret-key algorithm is the requirement for sharing the secret-key. This can be overcome by deriving the same secret key at both ends by using a user supplied text string or we can say password based on password-based encryption algorithm, other way round is to securely exchange the secret-key among themselves. Size of the key defines the strength of the symmetric key encryption used. Consider the following cipher text: EHWWHU EH GHVSLVHG IRU WRR DQALRXV DSSUHKHQVLRQV WKDQ UXLQHG EB WRR FRQILGHQW VHFXULWB (Edmund Burke) a) Decipher the cipher text above using a 26-character Caesar Cipher. Explain your reasoning Explain how you would quickly determine if the above cipher text is the result of a simple substitution or a transposition cipher, also explaining the difference between each. Please justify your answer. The cipher text gets decrypted to BETTER BE DESPISED FOR TOO ANXIOUS APPREHENSIONS, THAN RUINED BY TOO CONFIDENT SECURITY A shift of 3 was used to give the output as the quote mentioned above. The above cipher can be determined as simple substitution cipher as we can list down the two alphabet words in English and shifting each alphabet to certain position gives any one of the word. Substitution cipher is all about replacing one character or alphabet with other and transposition cipher is all about jumbling of the words together instead of replacing characters, transposition cipher changes the order of the characters and can be analyzed by frequency analysis. Unfortunately your computer has been infected by some malicious code and you do not know when this infection happened. Luckily you have performed backups on a weekly basis since you acquired your computer. Your idea is to use the backups starting from the beginning, rebuilding the first backup and so on, applying all changes in order. Discuss the feasibility of this approach offering ways to improve it, if necessary. This is the safest way of rebuilding computer again and would definitely solve the issue as this is the gradual step by step up gradation of the system and would bring the system to state where it was infected but without the problem. What I feel like if we start restoring the system from back rather than doing from start and checking for the stability of the system. This approach saves time and effort as after restoring first only you have the probability of solving the issue or what we can do is not do one by one incremental steps but keep an interval of the backups and do. Please compare and contrast incident response plans and business continuity plans. List heir key elements (what would one expect to see in such a document?) The incident response plan is defined as what make up a security incident and highlight the phases of incident response. The incident response plan document is focused on how information reaches the appropriate personnel, investigation of the incident, bringing down damage and strategy to respond, documentation and evidence preservation. The incident response plan consists of responsibility area and pen down and brings in effect procedures for handing security incidents. The document emphasizes on the considerations required to create an incident response plan. The incident is formulated to safeguard against intrusion to organizational resources. An incident is defined as information confidentiality loss, data integrity compromise, theft or damage of IT assets like computer, printer etc, service denial, misuse of assets or services or data, system infection by malicious software, unauthorized access, system abnormal behavior, alarms for intrusion detection and their responses. The incident response goals are incident occurrence verification, business restoration continuity, minimized incident impact, determine the way of attack, prevention against future attacks, response time of security and incident should be improved, illegal activity prosecution, situation and response has to be made aware to management. The incident response life cycle begins by incident preparation, then comes the discovery of the incident, notification, analysis and assessment, response strategy, containment, re infection prevention, affected system restoration, documentation, preservation of evidence, external agencies notification, update policies and response review. The business continuity planning is required for making an organization safe from internal and external threats and identifies the soft and hard assets to provide effective recovery and prevention of the organization. The following threats are there to an organization as Staff death or injury, building are damaged, loss of communication and IT infrastructure, disruption in transport making staff unavailable, stress and demoralization in staff, other business disruption or closing down on which a company is dependent, reputation damage and business change demands. To cover up the following threats following steps should have been planned sufficient workforce with right expertise and motivation to manage and lead the organization, access to key IT system and records, staff communication should be reliable and clear, ability of paying the staff in case of crisis also, product and services procurement and media demand responses. The steps involved in developing a business continuity plan in systematic way are analysis of business, risk assessment, strategy development, plan development and plans should be rehearsed. One hundred years ago, Louis Brandeis and Samuel Warren warned us that, Numerous mechanical devices threaten to make good the prediction that what is whispered in the closet shall be proclaimed from the housetops.' Cryptography is an enabling technology for self-help privacy. Conversely, cryptography can be used to conceal criminal conspiracies and activities, including espionage. a) How have computers changed the ways in which we have to keep certain information private? b) What new threats do computer systems and networks pose to personal privacy? Conversely, what threats are enabled or enhanced by computer systems and networks? c) How does cryptography help or hinder protection of privacy and public safety? d) What policies are needed and appropriate in a networked world regarding the use of cryptography? e) Consider a public key encryption. Ann wants to send Bill a message. Let Annpriv and Annpub be Anns private and public keys respectively. The same for Bill (Billpriv and Billpub). i) If Ann sends a message to Bill, what encryption should Ann use so that only Bill can decrypt the message (secrecy)? ii) Can Ann encrypt the message so that anyone who receives the message is assured that the message only came from Ann (authenticity)? iii) Is it possible for Ann to devise a method that will allow for both secrecy and authenticity for her message? Please justify your answer. Computers help a lot in keeping private informations secure. With all the security features into the system like firewalls and other security features one can keeps his/her information secure from un authorized access. Initially for keeping the information private one has to classify the physical files or documents having information as classified or confidential and have to be kept in safe custody so that unauthorized access is not there, the initially the information transfer has to be taken through physically under supervision but with computers and secure software systems and various encryptions which are efficient and complex to break, transport of information has become easy without any extra effort. With increasing use of information technology in form of computers has also created new types of threats where hackers who are experts in breaking the system security and network security and get easy access of ones private data. People use the information transfer and other IT mea ns to transfer information which cannot be scanned by authorities for example terrorist organizations uses the networks and other safe methods to transport the information which could not be easily get hold of decrypted by organizations working against them. The biggest advantage of public key cryptography is the secure nature of the private key. In fact, it never needs to be transmitted or revealed to anyone. It enables the use of digital certificates and digital timestamps, which is a very secure technique of signature authorization. We will look at digital timestamps and digital signatures in a moment, but as discussed above cryptography can be used by organizations or individuals involved in wrong activities to transfer data which cannot be caught or decrypted by authorities working against them, hence cryptography can go against world peace. Cryptography use should be mandated for the right purposes. There are few cryptographic policies that have been challenged, both literally and figuratively. In particular export controls, key escrow and government control have been issues argued recently, with final decisions still unresolved. International agreements and foreign decisions regarding these topics have influenced the current U.S. position. Ann should use the public key encryption method to send a message to Bill. Ann can create her digital signature of the message using the private key which can be verified using public key to see message is authentic. Yes Ann can use public key encryption for encrypting the message to maintain the confidentiality or secrecy of message and she can use digital signatures with public key encryption to maintain the authenticity of the message.

Match Point

Match Point Match Point A tragedy, primarily a dramatic component that tends to occur in many plays and movies, can be defined as serious or solemn theme that typically deals with a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force to downfall or destruction. Match Point, directed by Woody Allen, is a movie that deals with conflict within characters that can be reflected upon ending in a tragedy. The captivating events which occur in this movie lead Match Point to be considered as a tragedy due to the fact that this movie falls under three of the nine main points of a tragedy. Furthermore, Match Point deals with the movie consisting of exceptional suffering, a tragic flaw in a person brought by tragic fate, and the reversal of a position of a being which in return proves that this movie is in reality a true tragedy. In Match Point, the movie consists of the exceptional suffering of Chris Wilton as he unfolds his created abnormal conditions of his mind. After blowing her audition, Nola Rice, being Toms fiancà © at the time, and Chris Wilton drink at a bar when the go into a somewhat sexual conversation as Nola says â€Å"Men always seem to wonder. They think Id be something very special† and Chris asks, â€Å"And are you?† and Nola replies with an unusual answer, â€Å"Well, no ones ever asked for their money back† (Allen). This quote was significant since Nola was slightly hit from drinking a bit too much and reveals that she slept with other men before which indicated to Chris that she enjoys the pleasure of sex. Evidently, this foreshadows the affair between Chris and Nola in the future. Seeing that this foreshadows the affair between both Chris and Nola, it can be related to proving that Match Point is a true tragedy as this affair is one of the major causes to Chriss ex ceptional suffering. Due to this situation, Chris eventually starts seeing Nola secretly under Chloes nose and they begin to have a steamy affair, and in time Nola becomes pregnant. Chris keeps promising Nola that he is going to tell Chloe about the pregnancy and that he would leave her to be with Nola. This creates the frustration within his mind where he is faced with leaving wealth and prosperity for a life with nothing besides a woman and her child. Consequently, he starts to suffer exceptionally both mentally, by the severe pain in his head, and emotionally, by crying out his misery. Nola, being interested in having a child, keenly insists that both Chris and she have the child, which as a result only creates more tension within Chris. Chris is at a point where his suffering is so incomparable that he comes to a conclusion to get rid of Lola and the child by killing her. Not only does Chris kill Nola, he also kills an innocent old lady. Subsequently, this slowly develops an abn ormal condition of his mind as he starts to hallucinate by seeing the ghosts of both Lola and the old lady. At this point in the movie, the viewer knows that the hallucinations are caused by his exceptional suffering which led him to make those dreadful decisions which in return proves the point that Match Point is in reality a true tragedy. A point to consider when dealing with tragedies is the fact a tragic fate is brought on a person by his/her tragic flaw. This movie can be compared with assessment as Chris did have a tragic flaw which led him to the downfall of his own mind. Chriss flaw of hamartia led him to want a woman who he enjoys having sex with but also his wife whom he loved with the amount of money that her parents possessed. â€Å"Hamartia is the Greek word for error or failure, used by Aristotle in his Poetics, to designate the false step that leads the protagonist in a tragedy to his or her downfall† (answers.com). This flaw was the very reason that he faced a vast amount of problems and suffered as a result of that. As Chris sees Nola in Chloes estate, he is immediately attracted to her and says, â€Å"So tell me, whats a beautiful young American ping-pong player doing here mingling among the British upper class?† (Allen). This quote is significant as it shows his interest in another woman knowing that he is dating Chloe, and the fact that both Chris and Chloe share an interest in getting married. This quote is also significant as it foreshadows the affair between Chris and Lola as they exchange looks and body languages. If not for his flaw, he would not have been attracted to Nola in the beginning, which would not have led to the events that both Chris and Nola shared together. For this reason, this quote proves that Match Point is a true tragedy as it consists of Chriss tragic flaw, one of the major components in a true tragedy. Comparatively, it was also the tragic flaw that Chris possessed that consequently led him to kill Nola which he thought would get rid of the problems that he faced. After he kills Nola and starts to suffer because of it he says, â€Å"To never have been born may be the greatest born of all(Allen). This quote is significant as it shows character development when Chris quotes Sophocles, a Greek playwright, expressing his feelings towards the off-putting events that have been occurring caused by his tragic flaw which has been a major cause of his suffering. Thus, this quote shows that it was his tragic flaw that led him to his tragic fate which in return proves that Match Point is a true tragedy. It is clear to conclude that his tragic flaw was a clear reason to his â€Å"downfall†. In other words, this provides evidence that Match Point is a true tragedy. Another point in a true tragedy is when the hero undergoes a reversal of fortune. Generally speaking, when someone experiences the reversal of fortune they can either lose everything or gain everything. In the movie Match Point, the main character, Chris Wilton, moves to London and teaches tennis at a country club to make a living where he starts off at the bottom with nothing to his name. Due to his luck, he meets Tom Hewett and they become instant friends. Tom introduces Chris to his shy sister Chloe and in return, Chris and Chloe start dating. Her extremely wealthy parents take an immediate liking to him and Chris respectively admires the wealth of Chloes parents. Since Chloe was the daughter of an extremely wealthy man who owned a very large company, Chloe insisted her father to give Chris an executive job. This job not only helped Chris make more money, it changed the status of his fortune where he moves higher from where he originally was, the bottom. As time goes on, Chris and Chloe eventually get married which changed his status to the highest position that he could be where he had money, wealth, power, and everything he desired. After the marriage, Chris starts to secretly see Nola and begins to have an affair with her by telling his wife that he has â€Å"business related work†. From having an affair with Nola, Chris has moved down from his highest position to a lower place since he has started to see another woman while being married. He continues to undergo the reversal of his fortune. At this point in the movie, Chris discovers that Nola is pregnant and was torn between being with a woman he is lustfully attracted to or to remain with his sweet wife and her successful family who have many connections to the upper class society of London. When Chris and Nola argue whether or not they should have the baby, Chris shouts saying, â€Å"Nola! Calm down! Calm the fuck down!†(Allen). This quote shows the frustration that Chris goes through wh en faced with having a child that he does not want. In addition, this quote shows how Chris is slowly undergoing the reversal of fortune which is proving the fact that Match Point is in reality a true tragedy. Finally, this quote is significant as it foreshadows the event where Chris kills Nola. Accordingly, Chris kills Nola which causes him to create an abnormal condition of his mind which as a whole brings him all the way back down to where he started off, the bottom. As a result, Chris endured the reversal of fortune where he has gone through the full cycle returning to where he originally started. So, with the points mentioned above, it is proven that Match Point is in reality a true tragedy as the hero undergoes the reversal of fortune. Therefore, Match Point is proven to be a true tragedy according to the points stated above. Match Point can be compared to being a true tragedy as the movie consists of the exceptional suffering of a person. Chris Wilton goes through this suffering both mentally and emotionally and as a result he starts to hallucinate and sees the ghosts of both Nola and the old lady, the two victims that he murdered. In addition, this movie is also proven to be a true tragedy due to the fact that tragedies tend to deal with a tragic fate that is brought by a persons tragic flaw. In Match Point, Chriss flaw of hamartia brought him to his downfall where he goes through exceptional suffering and hallucinates in the end. If it was not for this flaw, the ending of the movie would have been the complete opposite. Finally, Match Point is confirmed to be a true tragedy as the hero of the movie, Chris Wilton, undergoes the reversal of fortune. He starts off as a poor Irish man who becomes a very wealthy by m arrying his extremely rich girlfriend, but he blows it all and returns to where he started off after killing Lola, the woman whom he has an affair with, and an innocent old. He does not lose his wealth, but he does lose his mind. Overall, it is evident that Match Point is in reality a true tragedy as it comprises three main points out of the nine of a true tragedy in this movie. Works Cited Match Point. Dir. Woody Allen. Perf. Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Alexander Armstrong, Paul Kaye (IV). Dreamworks Video, 2005. DVD. hamartia: Definition from Answers.com. Answers.com: Wiki QA combined with free online dictionary, thesaurus, and encyclopedias. Answers Corporation, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2009. .

Russian Reform And Economics: The Last Quarter Of The 20th Century :: essays research papers fc

Russian Reform and Economics: The Last Quarter of the 20th Century Outline Thesis: As the reformation of the USSR was becoming a reality, Russia's economy was crumbling beneath it. Russia began its economic challenge of perestroika in the 1980's. The Russian people wanted economic security and freedom, while the government was trying to obtain democracy. The previous management styles needed to be changed along with the way that most businesses in Russia operated. I. Reformation of USSR A. The change from communism to democracy. B. The change in government has had a great effect on the Russian people and workers. C. The reformation left the Russian economy upside down. II. Post-Reform economy versus Pre-Reform economy. A. There were many steps in the reformation of the economy. B. What are some of the effects of a reforming economy? C. There are many changes that are still needed in order for the Russian economy to grow. III. What will be the future of Russia's Economy? Main Body As the reformation of the USSR was becoming a reality, Russia's economy was crumbling beneath it. Russia began its economic challenge of perestroika in the 1980's. The Russian people wanted economic security and freedom, while the government was trying to obtain democracy. The previous management styles needed to be changed along with the way that most businesses in Russia operated. The Russian Federation consists of 17,075,400 square km, which is roughly 76.2 percent of the former USSR, and covers about 12 percent of the earth's land surface. The Russian Federation's population in 1991 was 147.3 million (Smith, A., 7). During the 1980's the Russian government started a reformation process called "perestroika," meaning restructuring (Aganbegyan, 1). Perestroika signifies qualitative changes and transformation in the government and in the economy. The four stages of perestroika are the "Preliminary stage (March 1985- February 1986)," the "Stabilizing stage (March 1986 - January 1987)," the "Expansive stage (January - November 1987)," and the "Regrouping stage (November 1987 onwards)" (Hill & Dellenbrant, 140). The government also identified two other processes. "Glasnost," which means openness, supported the strong economic reform (Aganbegyan, 1; Hill & Dellenbrant, 54). The acceleration of economic reform was called "uskorenie" (Aganbegyan, 1). Many changes took place during the years contained in each of the stages of perestroika. This changes ranged from government policies and structure to industrial production procedures to economic policies. The major change came in 1991 with the breakup of USSR. This freed the individual states and allowed them to become independent countries. All of these new countries went through radical government changes. Many of them, including Russia, chose to implement democracy. This change from a central military based structure into democracy

The importance of Effective Communication in Health-Care Essay

Language barriers have been one of the identified causes of many health problems, including timely and appropriate care, exacerbating existing conditions, and precipitating new ones. In addition to culturally appropriate education, interpreting is one of the approaches commonly used to help bridge the language gap for patients and practitioners. Interpreters are bilingual individuals that provide simultaneous interpretation between patients and medical care providers who do not share a common language (Finke, Light, & Kitko, 2008). This finding suggests that a good relationship is essential for high-quality patient care. (Finke et al., 2008) use qualitative evidence from interviews with medical interpreters, and argue that an interdisciplinary team is oriented in just one direction to care for patients, and bring them to their ultimate level of functioning. Certainly, all of the observations provided by this journal reaffirmed how understanding the basic principles of communicati on should be a paramount skill of any nurse. However, many barriers can disrupt therapeutic communication, and comprehensive assessment is necessary in order to determine the culture, religion, education background, and socioeconomic status of the patient (Finke et al., 2008) Patient centered communication empower nurses with the necessary skills to identify what patients are experiencing and place them in a better position to be empathetic. Meanwhile, creating a better health care experience for the patient and a more gratifying and meaningful career for the nurse (Finke et al., 2008). It is also more likely to effectively encourage patients to be active partners in planning and managing their own care. It is significant for medical care provider... ...5. LaValley, D (2008) Physician- Nurse Collaboration and patient safety. Crico RMF Vol. 26/No. 2 Lee Flicek Cassandra (2012) Communication: A Dynamic Between Nurses and Physicians. Vol. 21/No. 6 McCaffrey, R.G., Hayes, R., Stuart, W., Cassell, A., Farrell, C. & Miller-Reyes C. 2010. A Program to Improve Communication and Collaboration Between Nurses and Medical Residents. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing  · Vol 41, No 4. Retrieve from: http://content2.learntoday.info/ Patak, L., Wilson-Stronks, A., Costello, J., Keleinpell, R. M., Henneman, E. A., Pearson, C. & Happ, M. B. (2009). Improving Patient-Provider Communication. A Call to Action. Volume 39, Number 9, pp 372-376. Williams, M. V., Davis, T., Parker, R. M., & Weiss, B. D. (2002). The role of health literacy in patient-physician communication. FAMILY MEDICINE-KANSAS CITY-, 34(5), 383-389.

Book Club Novel Study vs. Conventional Core Novel Study

Book Club Novel Study vs. Conventional Core Novel Study Although the Book Club approach and the conventional novel study approach are group discussion oriented, the Book Club method is a more efficient way of extracting thorough analysis from multiple perspectives. In the Book Club approach, students are forced to read because we are constantly being evaluated. During discussions, the teacher is always walking around evaluating groups.My group especially was always prepared because of the fear of not getting a good mark due to being unprepared. The fact that we are constantly being evaluated develops pressure on the students, which forces them to prepare for the discussion the night before. Preparing the night before allows for a more in depth analysis. If everyone is prepared with notes and questions the discussion will be much more interesting because everyone brings something to the table.Which in essence allows a much more effective and efficient discussion. However, with the con ventional approach you have majority of the classroom not participating and not being involved in the discussions. In last year’s English class, there were a set number of students who were always participated and then the majority of the class not effectively participating. Because the traditional method is a more broad discussion and there aren’t specific roles for students to carry out students are not pressured to be prepared.I can use myself as an example, last year there would be times I wouldn't read the sections assigned and because of this I found myself not participating and engaging in class discussions. The Book Club approach consists of continuous evaluation and a certain set of tasks like discussion leading that force students to consistently engage in discussions. The evaluation creates pressure, causing students to be prepared and contribute during scheduled conferences. On the other hand, the traditional method of novel study is not as effective.The st udents are not pressured because they feel as if they are not being evaluated on a regular basis. So students take advantage of this and feel their input is not necessary and rest of the class will carry their weight. To conclude, both approaches involve students participating and engaging in a group discussion but the Book Club approach has a higher efficiency in terms of each students input during discussions in comparison to the conventional core study.

Design of Industrial Robots

Abstraction Today, industrial automaton is used in assorted intents such as welding, picture, choice and topographic point, production review, and proving. Because of its popular, industrial automaton has become interesting field, many companies, research centres and scientists spend much of money, clip to better features of industrial automaton. Simulation is a cardinal competency for both robot makers, users and scientists to better automaton public presentation, safety and cut down automaton cost, power, clip. In this thesis, brief kinematics, kineticss and control theory are mentioned ; equations from these theories are applied for R-R and R-R-R operator, so these consequences are compared with simulation consequences to verify simulation consequences. In add-on, a simple existent theoretical account is built with 2 dynamixel servo motors ; the existent theoretical account can make simple work such as traveling point to indicate, following consecutive line. The simulations of automaton operator are performed by Recurdyn-Colink and Recurdyn-Matlab/Simulink. Forward and reverse kinematics are used to simulation automaton operator to execute progress trajectory way, the consequences from these simulations are used in kineticss subdivision. PD feedforward control besides is indicated, the control system based on independent articulation control, which frequently is known as single-input/ single-output system. These consequences from simulation are tantamount with theory. These consequences besides provide a batch of utile information for a batch of intents such as layout rating to avoid obstruction, optimisation flight way, kinematics, kineticss study. Keywords: automaton operator, kinematics, kineticss, feedforward control. 1 IntroductionMotivation and history of industrial automatonToday, we can run into industrial automaton in many mills in the universe. Applications of industrial automatons include welding, picture, choice and topographic point ( packing or SMT line ) , production review, and proving. Harmonizing to the International Federation of Robotics ( IFR ) , by the terminal of 2011, there were at least 1,153,000 operational industrial automatons. And IFR estimated the world-wide gross revenues of industrial automatons about US $ 8.5 billion. If cost of package, peripherals and systems technology are included, the industrial automaton market was estimated US $ 25.5 billion in 2011. Therefore, industrial automaton has been become an interesting field. Along with development of industrial automaton, simulation and theoretical account of industrial automatons are of import. They can supply a batch of utile information for many intents such as layout rating, kinematic, dynamic survey, off-line sched uling to avoid obstruction in the undertaking infinite and design mechanical construction of automatons. The history of industrial automaton has associated with the development of computing machine aided design ( CAD ) and computing machine aided fabrication ( CAM ) systems. In 1954, George Devol applied for the first robotics patents ( granted in 1961 ) . In 1956, Devol and Joseph F. Engelberger formed the world’s foremost robot company was Unimation which was based on Devol’s original patents and Engelberger has been called as the male parent of robotics. Unimation has been built with hydraulic actuators and programmed in joint co-ordinates. The angle of each articulation was stored during a teaching stage and replayed in operation. In the 70s the automaton industry increased really rapidly because of the tremendous investings by the automotive industry. In Europe, ABB Robotics and KUKA Robotics brought automatons to the market in 1973. ABB Robotics introduced IRB 6, it was become the first commercially operator which controlled all electric by micro-processor in the universe. The first two IRB 6 automatons were installed in production for crunching and smoothing pipe decompression sicknesss in 1974. In 1973 KUKA Robotics built its first automaton, FAMULUS, besides one of the first articulated automatons have driven six electromechanically axes. In US, many US companies entered the field, including elephantine companies such as General Electric, and General Motors ( a joint venture formed by General Motors and FANUC LTD of Japan called FANUC Robotics ) . Other companies besides started robotics concern such as Automatix and Adept Technology, Inc. In 1984, Unimation was acquired by Westinghouse Electric Corporati on for 107 million U.S. dollars. After that Westinghouse sold Unimation to Staubli Faverges SCA of France in 1988, which is still doing articulated automatons for general industrial and cleanroom applications and even bought the robotic division of Bosch in late 2004.Hardware and SoftwareDuring this thesis, three package ( RecurDyn, SolidWorks, Matlab ) have been used to work out this thesis assignment. Dynamixel servo motor besides was used for experimental intents.RecurDyn V8R2RecurDyn is developed by FunctionBay, Inc. which is a professional CAE company and provides MultiBody Dynamics ( MBD ) . RecurA ­Dyn is a modern CAE package suite which offers the alone combination of Multibody Dynamics, Finite Element Analysis and Controls. Dynamic Rigid and Flexible Body Analysis to the full integrated additive and nonlinear Finite Element Analysis supply item information of realistic theoretical accounts for design surveies and bettering merchandise public presentation. By utilizing FE mesh, RecurDyn can imitate overall gesture every bit good as local distortions, strains and emphasiss. RecurDyn CoLink, an incorporate signal flow oriented control design tool. It provides off-line simulation of mechatronic systems, traveling far beyond the classical Co-Simulation attack. If a elaborate Recurdyn multi flexible organic structure dynamic works theoretical account is used, the user can cut down the figure of cringles during the practical accountant parametric quantity optimisation procedure. In add-on, RecurDyn besides can link with Matlab/Simulink which has a batch of block libraries, plan linguistic communication tool, etc. for dynamic system. Last but non least, RecurDyn has supported a batch of CAD package which are used as the Parasolid Kernel plan.SolidWorksSolidWorks is really popular 3D mechanical computing machine aided design package which runs on Microsoft Windows. It is established by Dassault Systemes SolidWorks Corp. It used Parasolid Kernel attack to make theoretical accounts and assemblies. Presently, over 2 million applied scientists and interior decorator usage SolidWorks at more than 165000 companies in whole universe.MatlabMATLAB is a numerical computer science environment and fourth-generation scheduling linguistic communication including C, C++ , Java, and FORTRAN. Established and developed by MathWorks, MATLAB is good known for matrix uses, plotting of maps and informations, creative activity of user interfaces, and interfacing with plans written in other linguistic communications. In add-on, Simulink is an add-on merchandise with block libraries, informations flow graphical plan linguistic communication tool for mold, simulation, and analysing multi-domain dynamic and embedded systems.DynamixelDYNAMIXEL is a consecutive high public presentation networked actuators for automatons developed by ROBOTIS. DYNAMIXEL can be used for multi-joint robot systems such as robotic weaponries, robotic manus, bi-pedal automaton, hexapod automaton, snake automaton, kinematic art, animatronics and mechanization, etc†¦ DYNAMIXEL can be controlled utilizing Personal computer through USB2Dynamixel by many package such as Matlab, python, Microsoft Visual Studio ( C++ , C # ) , Visual Basic, Java, LabVIEW, occultation, ROS ( TTL/RS485/RS232 communicating ) . DYNAMIXEL besides can be controlled utilizing sole accountant such as CM-5 ( ATMega128 ) , CM-700 ( ATMega2561 ) , CM-510 ( ATMega2561 ) , CM-530 ( ARM Cortex M3 ) . Fig1. Dynamixel servo motorOutlinepartChapter 2. Background theory 2.1 Positions, Orientations, and Frames 2.1.1 Position In a co-ordinate system, any point can place with a 3Ãâ€"1 place vector in the existence. The place of point P in co-ordinate system is ordered set of three Numberss. Fig2. Vector comparative to border { A } 2.1.2 Orientation 2.1.2 Frames In robotics, the state of affairs of a place and an orientation brace arises so frequently is called a frame, which is a set of four vectors including one vector describes place and 3 vectors describe orientation. The base frame, { B } The base frame has place at the base of the automaton operator. It is appended to a unmoving portion of the automaton and frequently called link 0. Fig3. The criterion frame The station frame, { S } The station frame has location in a task-relevant, in the figure above, it is at the corner of a tabular array which the automaton is to work, and all motions of the operator are implemented comparative to it. Sometimes, it is besides called as the existence frame, universe frame or the undertaking frame. The carpus frame, { W } The carpus frame { W } is fastened to the last nexus of the operator. { W } frequently has its beginning fixed at a point called the carpus of the operator, and { W } will travel with the last nexus of the operator. The tool frame, { T } The tool frame { T } is appended to the terminal of any tool the automaton happens to be keeping. { T } is normally located with its beginning between the fingertips of the automaton when the manus is empty. The end frame, { G } The end frame has location to which the automaton is to travel the tool. At the terminal of the gesture, the tool frame should be brought to happenstance with the end frame. Chapter 3 Operator Kinematicss Kinematicss is the scientific discipline of gesture including the place, the speed, the acceleration, and all higher order derived functions of the place variables. This chapter has 4th subdivisions: the Denavit-Hartenberg ( D-H ) parametric quantities, the forward kinematics, the opposite kinematics, the Jacobian. 3.1 Denavit-Hartenberg Any robot operator can be described kinematically by the values of four measures for each nexus. Two describe the nexus itself, and two describe the link’s connexion to a adjacent nexus. The definition of mechanisms by 4th measures is a convention normally called the Denavit-Hartenberg notation. Fig4. Description of D-H parametric quantities aI= the distance from ZIto Zi+1measured along TenI = the angle from ZIto Zi+1measured about TenI vitamin DI= the distance from Teni-1to XImeasured along ZI = the angle from Teni-1to XImeasured about ZI 3.2 Forward Kinematicss Forward kinematics is used to calculate the place and orientation of the tool frame from joint parametric quantities. The transmutation from frame { one } to border { i-1 } ( 3.1 ) The nexus transmutations is multiplied together to happen the individual transmutation that relates frame { N } to border { 0 } ( 3.2 ) 3.2.1 R-R operator forward kinematics Lengths of two links are L1 and L2. Fig5. R-R nexus frame assignmentLinkIaIvitamin DII1000120Liter102Table1. D-H parametric quantities of R-R operator Computational transmutation matrices of each nexus ( 3.3 ) ( 3.4 ) Therefore, ( 3.5 ) 3.2.2 R-R-R operator forward kinematics Fig6. R-R-R operator parametric quantitiesI1002-9000304-900Table2. D-H parametric quantities of R-R operator Transformation matrix for each nexus: ( 3.6 ) ( 3.7 ) ( 3.8 ) ( 3.9 ) ( 3.10 ) The transmutation matrixis gained by matrix generation of the single nexus matrices. At first,is gained by multiplyingand =( 3.11 ) =( 3.12 ) Finally = =( 3.13 ) Here, ( 3.14 ) ( 3.15 ) ( 3.16 ) The matrixestablishes the kinematics of R-R-R automaton operator ; it expresses the relationship between frame { 4 } and frame { 0 } about place and orientation. 3.3 Inverse Kinematicss Inverse kinematics is survey of happening the needed articulation angles to put the tool frame, { T } , comparative to the station frame, { S } . The reverse kinematics job is well harder than the forward kinematics job. Unlike forward kinematics which ever exist solution, solution for reverse kinematics may non be. The being of a solution defines the workspace of a operator. If the exist solution, there can even be an infinite figure of solutions, for instant â€Å"elbow up† and â€Å"elbow down† solutions. 3.3.1 Using for R-R Transformation from frame { 2 } to border { 0 } is mentioned by forward kinematics. In frame { 2 } , the co-ordinate of point P is [ L20 0 1 ] . In the frame { 0 } , the co-ordinate of point P is [ten Y0 1 ] . Therefore ( 3.17 ) ( 3.18 ) Square booth equations so add them: ( 3.19 ) ( 3.20 ) ( 3.21 ) ( 3.22 ) Writingten, Yin the signifier ( 3.23 ) ( 3.24 ) Where ( 3.25 ) ( 3.26 ) If ( 3.27 ) And ( 3.28 ) Then ( 3.29 ) ( 3.30 ) Equation ( 3.23 ) and ( 3.24 ) can be written as ( 3.31 ) ( 3.32 ) So ( 3.33 ) ( 3.34 ) Therefore, ( 3.35 ) Finally, equation for?1 ( 3.36 ) See equation ( 3.22 ) , minus or plus gestural corresponds positions of R-R operator. In this state of affairs, â€Å"elbow up† and â€Å"elbow down† are mentioned. Fig7. Two positions of R-R operator 3.3.1 Using for R-R-R From forward kinematics of R-R-R operator So, ( 3.37 ) From equation ( 3.6 ) , Inverting matrix ( 3.38 ) Substitute in ( 3.37 ) ( 3.39 ) So, ( 3.40 ) See about trigonometric permutations ( 3.41 ) ( 3.42 ) Where ( 3.43 ) ( 3.44 ) Using ( 3.41 ) and ( 3.42 ) , equation ( 3.40 ) can be written as ( 3.45 ) ( 3.46 ) ( 3.47 ) So ( 3.48 ) ( 3.49 ) Finally, the solution for: ( 3.50 ) See elements ( 1,4 ) and ( 3,4 ) of the matrix in the right-hand of equation ( 3.39 ) ( 3.51 ) ( 3.52 ) Square both ( 3.51 ) and ( 3.52 ) so add the resulting equations ( 3.53 ) ( 3.54 ) Or ( 3.55 ) Where ( 3.56 ) Equation ( 3.55 ) is of the same signifier as ( 3.40 ) so can be solved by the same method. Therefore, solution foris: ( 3.57 ) So find solution for, consider: ( 3.58 ) ( 3.59 ) Comparing both the ( 1,4 ) and ( 2,4 ) elements of matrix in right-hand of ( 3.59 ) ( 3.60 ) ( 3.61 ) These equations can be solved at the same time forand ( 3.62 ) ( 3.63 ) From equation ( 3.62 ) and ( 3.63 ) , ( 3.64 ) Because, therefore the concluding solution foris: ( 3.65 ) The subtraction or plus mark in ( 3.50 ) and ( 3.57 ) do four possible position of operator. Fig8. Fourth positions of R-R-R operator 3.4 Jacobians Relationship between the joint speed and the Cartesian speed is determined Jacobian WhereVis a speed vector in Cartesian and ? is the vector of joint angles, J ( ? ) is Jacobian. The Jacobian has figure of rows is peers the figure of grade of freedom in the Cartesian infinite, and figure of columns is equal the figure of joint. For case, a general automaton with six articulations, The Jacobian is matrix of 6Ãâ€"6,is 6Ãâ€"1, and Cartesian speedVis 6x1with 3Ãâ€"1 additive speed vector and 3Ãâ€"1 rotational speed vector. Example for R-R operator theoretical account The Jacobian can be written a 2Ãâ€"2 matrix which relates joint speed to end-effector speed. The location of point P ( end-effector ) is (ten, Y) so, from equation ( 3.17 ) and ( 3.18 ) ( 3.66 ) Derivative ( 3.66 ) ( 3.67 ) Or ( 3.68 ) So, the Jacobian in frame { 0 } is ( 3.69 ) Other progress of Jacobian is invertible. From ( 3.70 ) , joint rate can be calculated with a certain speed vector in Cartesian co-ordinate. Note that most operators will hold values of ? where the Jacobian turns into singular. ( 3.70 ) Chapter 4 Manipulator Dynamics In this chapter, equations of gesture for operator with torsions applied by actuators or external forces applied to the operator are mentioned. Chpater 5 Trajectory and Control Mentions [ 1 ] John J. Craig, 2005, Introduction to Robotics Mechanics and Control, 3rded. , Pearson Education, Inc. [ 2 ] Ahmed A. Shabana, 2005, Dynamics of Multibody Systems, 3rded. , Cambridge University Press. [ 3 ] Reza N. Jazar, 2010, Theory of Applied Robotics Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control, 2neodymiumed. , Springer. [ 4 ] RECURDYN, 2012, RecurDyn/ Solver Theoretical Manual, 8Thursdayed. , FunctionBay, Inc. [ 5 ] Frank L.Lewis, Darren M.Dawson, Chaouki T.Abdallah, 2004, Robot Manipulator Control Theory and Practice, 2neodymiumed. , Marcel Dekker, Inc. [ 6 ] Wikipedia