Philippine Treasure Essay Example for Free

Philippine Treasure EssayAfter watching the documentary of Philippine treasures, I have been get more knowledge about our ancestors treasures system and I think that the earliest Filipinos living in the Philippines already had an advanced civilization. Instilled something into me that we were rich, we were rich Were talking of favourable here it is an opulence. During the early times, the Philippines was filled with gold. These gold were used for everyday clothing of the Filipinos, and even for accessorizing themselves.Our ancestors, the early Filipinos, were civilized enough to know how to process gold. They made many bowls, necklaces and earring out of gold. These gold were part of their routine lives. The Philippines is filled with natural resources, so there was abundance in gold. Some people were even dressed from head to toe in all gold. Also, the early Filipinos were able to craft a doll of a Goddess of Buddhism. This doll also called Golden Tara was a golden alloy, mixed with many other metals.This shows how the Filipinos were knowledgeable to creating alloys with incompatible metal even originally Westerners have arrived in our country. The Filipinos have even known how to sew shells and make clothes out of them There are also several jars that represents the early Filipinos, these jars can be used for multi-purpose storage, because these jars can story many other things aside from water. All these many things were made even before the arrival of the Spaniards or other colonizers, so this shows that the early civilization of the Philippines was very unique and quite advanced.I like the show of Philippine Treasures. It really told us what are some things on this country or treasures are not yet seen by the FILIPINOS. Now I realized that we need to care and line of work the importance of some ancient things. I also hope that efforts can be made by officials to preserve the Philippines historical artifacts, and to strengthen support for the field Museum. Dont Gain The World Lose Your Soul, Wisdom Is Better Than Silver Or Gold. ? Bob Marley

Opposites and Paradoxes in King Lear Essay Example for Free

Opposites and Paradoxes in queen mole rat Lear EssayThe sequence of ohmic resistanceal characters and motifs in the bring in mother about in the audience a hotshot of the corruption of principles that beset the protagonists of the play. With this sense of opposition comes a strong sense of the duality within the play seemingly centred on the Epodoclean theory of a world governed by the contrary forces of love and hate. Though this is not unusual for a stage production, McAlindon believes that when the bond of opposites that constitutes the essential order of revolt against limit and fly to extremes. This spate be seen in the characters fore closely as the sons of Gloucester as well as the daughters of Lear atomic number 18 directly contrasted to each other. Indeed it is in the internal nature of Lear that this is focused to the highest degree powerfully as his beliefs in love and kindnesses are offset by the egoistical and chloric feelings that dwell within his shop ping mall.It is mainly from the character and fate of Lear that the true extent of the breakdown of nature drive out be seen as within the space of devil weeks he has sunk from kingship to a world of destitution and poverty as he suffers at th extreme verge in his relationship with his family. What is most tragic in relation to Lear though is his rediscovery of Cordelia before the heart wrenching closing she endures as he is thrown from the heights of grief before his heart gives way under the strain of ecstatic joy. that while the aflame converses that Lear endures are tremendously powerful they are not the only matters in opposition doneout the play. There can be seen in the various settings of the play a number of thematic oppositions, with the most apparent being the contrast mingled with the nocturnal and gloomy castle of Gloucester as opposed to the serene Dover fields where Father and daughter are reunited, where love opposes strife. Indeed there are a great number of i nversions that apply a new number of possible thoughts to the understanding of the play.Lears sufferings are completely opposed to the more true tragedies of the Shakespearean era where there was a distinct separation in the midst of the suffering of the favorable elite and the low and the ludicrous in the principal of the Senecan school of thought. In King Lear though it would appear to be the Saturnalism theories that prevail as the positions of the lowest are inverted with those of the highest, as Lear takes the place of his fool in declaring the unpalatable truths of the world in his madness, adopting a sense of tragedy in the manner in which this is done.There are none more demonstrative of inversions than the antonymic nominalism that mesh the play with the most pathetic being Gloucesters praise of Goneril and Cornwall, whereby his incorruptiblety to the king becomes treason whereas Edmunds betrayal is described as a show of loyalty. But more than this it is a key illust ration of the wickedness of protagonist such as Goneril who condemn harmful mildness. This sense of riddle is prevalent mostly in the evil party where it comes to signify a moral and social inversion of a rational order of things.In contrast to this a positive paradox comes to represent a renewal through and through destruction and a discovery though loss, most notably seen in the increase of Frances attraction for Cordelia future(a) her rejection by Lear as she becomes an unprized precious maid, becoming most choice, forsaken as the isolation of forsaken seemingly highlighting the paradox. What is more is that a sense of pathos is granted through this as Lears misinterpretation of each one of his daughters and his reliance of the wolfish Regan and Goneril, as well as Gloucesters miscomprehension of Edmund as being a loyal and natural boy. The twin paradoxes that appear in the discovery of madness, characterised by Lear, and the discovery of vision in blindness are the most powerf ul in the increase dignity undertaken by Lear and to an extent Gloucester in this play. McAlindon believes that of all the paradoxes it is the fact that the tragedy develops virtually an inability to contain the worst effects of a terrible eruption in nature, and none is more terrible than the progressive failing of family links. The typical familial bond of mutual love and affection that is the ornerstone of most families is shockingly off in King Lear though it is desperately craved by Lear himself. McAlindon believes that this style of bond involves love and justice as well as that it predicates a cheery and spontaneous performance of offices and responsibilities. It is therefore bewildering that Edmund would break such a bond in such an anti-familial manner, undermining civilised society in the process, and comparisons can be gaunt between him and Iago in his mistreatment of Claudius in Othello.Gloucester, however, can be seen to be as equally to blame for Edmunds wayward ness as his dreadful mistreatment of him, whose breeding is only admit as Gloucester often blushed, and seems to be a victim of tragic causality as Edmund comes to believe that he owes everything to himself. The ancient Greek writers Plato and Aristotle believe that love creates emotional awareness and allows for the creation of just law.With this in mind the manner with which Lear treats the link between him and his daughters in such a material way shatters any sense of order or responsibility in his court with the dismissal of Cordelia and Kent becoming a satire of what passes for justice in society. If Platos theories are developed thus it would seem that the main cause for injustice is a loss of human kindness and sympathy, explaining fully Edmunds pathological hardness as his bastardy alienates him.In the same manner in which Edmund suffers a lack of acknowledgement, so too does Lear suffer the same fate, it is only through his mistreatment on the familial ties. McAlindon beli eves that Lear holds a heartrending dependence of personal identity on the bond and it is his reliance on the bond as a material tie makes him a nobody after(prenominal) he divulges himself from his power and estate resulting in one of the most pathetic lines I gave you all separated from the cruelty of Regan.The greatest dignity is then conveyed onto those around him who still perceive the bond to be a union through love, and therefore still hold the same respect for Lear despite his failure to pick out them. The importance of a character understanding the treatment of time plays an integral part in the possibility of them being seen as a tragic figure. King Lear is a tragedy characteristic of its age, a tragedy of extreme and terrible violence, as there is a sense of the untimeliness of violence and destruction that temerity and impatience bring about.Most characteristic of this flaw is Lear as his kingdom implodes through his hideous rashness as he signals the unleashing of p itiless violence that culminates in the utterly pathetic death of Cordelia. He is ironically guilty too of being overly patient as there is an almost comic stichomythia between him and Kent portraying his unwillingness to accept facts. A parallel can be drawn with Gloucester in this as his impatience regarding the supposed traitor Edgar is some(prenominal) dirty and demonstrative of the nexus between time and justice as well as injustice and haste.Calculated swiftness becomes characteristic with the actions of the evil party and can be seen by Edmunds manipulation of Gloucester under the pretence of judicial behaviour as well as that of his brother as he acts in cunning and its placement a the beginning of the line illuminates its two meanings. In an extreme contrast the good party align themselves with time, adopting a policy of patience that is both dignified and tragic. Edgar is keen to wait for the mature time whilst Kent waits for the perfect moment to reveal himself to his master, however, it is his own personal tragedy that he never finds the right moment.This can be seen as a demonstration of a true heart as this is a play that appeals profoundly to the heart as much as it does to the mind. Emblematic of a noble heart is the manner in which a protagonist empathises and treats those around them and powerful contrasts can be seen between characters and their counterparts. Indeed the most powerful of these contrasts is between the dog-hearted daughters of Lear and Cordelia with the scenic juxtaposition of tranquil Dover and the castles and courts of Regan and Goneril a clear demonstration of this.To be truly tragic in King Lear a character possess a good heart and this is perfectly shown by the marble hearted sisters as opposed to Kents whose own heart is pierced by Lears rejection of Cordelia. Alongside the good characters Lears heart is true in its nature, though he seems to suffer the promethean anguish, with his heart replacing the traditional live r, culminating in his death which must be presumed as being from a broken heart. Compassionate love is the supreme value in the play and as discussed above beliefs and social morals come from love and therefore the heart.Conversely though a slighted heart can produce the most devastating fury and hatred through grief as not only does the heart present the duality of nature with the possibility for disunity and anarchy but in this same manner evince the importance of patience. Therefore the presence of all the aforementioned undertones and subtle themes tragedy is both made distinctly more unattainable as well as becoming much more powerful in its nature, with pathos coming to play a key role in its development.

Fault Tree Analysis

smirch manoeuvre AnalysisFault Tree AnalysisFault tree epitome (FTA) is a misfortune outline in which an undesired state of a scheme is collapsed using boolean arrangement of logic to combine a series of lower-level events. This analysis method is mainly habituated in the field of safety engine room to quantitatively determine the probability of a safety hazard.An Overview of Basic ConceptsThis quick exit guide provides an overview of the basic concepts in Fault Tree Analysis (FTA, system analysis) as it applies to system reliability and a directory of some other resources on the subject. recital of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a nonher technique for reliability and safety analysis. Bell Teleph ane Laboratories developed the concept in 1962 for the U.S. Air Force for use with the Minuteman system. It was later adopted and extensively applied by the Boeing Comp whatsoever. Fault tree analysis is unrivaled of many symbolic analytic logic techniqu es found in operations research and in system reliability. Other techniques include Reliability Block Diagrams (RBDs).Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) was before developed in 1962 at Bell Laboratories by H.A. Watson, under a U.S. Air Force Ballistics Systems Division contract to evaluate the Minuteman I worldwide Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Launch Control System. Following the first published use of FTA in the 1962 Minuteman I Launch Control Safety Study, Boeing and AVCO expanded use of FTA to the entire Minuteman II system in 1963-1964. FTA received extensive coverage at a 1965 System Safety Symposium in Seattle sponsored by Boeing and the University of Washington. Boeing began using FTA for complaisant aircraft design around 1966. In 1970, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) published a change to 14 CFR 25.1309 airworthiness regulations for transport aircraft in the Federal Register at 35 FR 5665 (1970-04-08). This change adopted failure probability criteria for aircraft syste ms and equipment and led to widespread use of FTA in civil aviation.Within the nuclear occasion patience, the U.S. nuclear Regulatory Commission began using probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods including FTA in 1975, and significantly expanded PRA research following the 1979 incident at Three greyback Island. This eventually led to the 1981 publication of the NRC Fault Tree Handbook NUREG-0492, and mandatory use of PRA under the NRCs regulatory authority.Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) attempts to poser and analyze failure processes of engineering and biological systems. FTA is basically composed of logic diagrams that display the state of the system and is constructed using graphical design techniques. Originally, engineers were responsible for the development of Fault Tree Analysis, as a deep sleep togetherledge of the system under analysis is required.Often, FTA is specifyd as another part, or technique, of reliability engineering. Although both shape the same major aspec t, they create arisen from two different perspectives. Reliability engineering was, for the about part, developed by mathematicians, while FTA, as stated above, was developed by engineers.Fault Tree Analysis usually involves events from computer hardw atomic number 18 wear break through, material failure or malfunctions or combinations of deterministic contri exactlyions to the event stemming from assigning a hardware/system failure rate to branches or cut sets. Typically failure rates are carefully derived from substantiated historical data such as ungenerous time between failure of the components, unit, subsystem or function. Predictor data may be assigned. Assigning a software failure rate is elusive and not possible. Since software is a vital contributor and inclusive of the system operation it is assumed the software will function normally as intended. There is no such thing as a software dent tree unless considered in the system context. Software is an instruction set to the hardware or overall system for correct operation. Since basic software events do not fail in the physical sense, attempting to predict manifestation of software faults or coding errors with any reliability or accuracy is impossible, unless assumptions are made. Predicting and assigning human error rates is not the primary intent of a fault tree analysis, but may be attempted to gain some knowledge of what happens with improper human input or intervention at the wrong time.FTA can be utilize as a valuable design tool, can identify potential accidents, and can eliminate expensive design changes. It can also be used as a diagnostic tool, predicting the most likely system failure in a system breakdown. FTA is used in safety engineering and in all major fields of engineering.More on Fault Tree Diagram (FTD)Fault tree diagrams (or negative analytical trees) are logic pulley diagrams that display the state of a system (top event) in terms of the states of its components (basic even ts). Like reliability block diagrams (RBDs), fault tree diagrams are also a graphical design technique, and as such provide an alternative to methodology to RBDs.An FTD is built top-down and in term of events or else than blocks. It uses a graphic model of the pathways within a system that can lead to a foreseeable, undesirable loss event (or a failure). The pathways interconnect contributory events and conditions, using standard logic symbols (AND, OR etc). The basic constructs in a fault tree diagram are provide and events, where the events have an identical meaning as a block in an RBD and the gates are the conditions.Fault Trees and Reliability Block DiagramsThe most fundamental difference between FTDs and RBDs is that in an RBD one is working in the succeeder space, and thus looks at system successes combinations, while in a fault tree one works in the failure space and looks at system failure combinations. Traditionally, fault trees have been used to access fixed probabilit ies (i.e. all(prenominal) event that comprises the tree has a fixed probability of occurring) while RBDs may have included time-varying distributions for the success (reliability equation) and other properties, such as repair/restoration distributions.Drawing Fault Trees Gates and burdensFault trees are built using gates and events (blocks). The two most commonly used gates in a fault tree are the AND and OR gates. As an example, consider two events (or blocks) comprising a Top Event (or a system). If occurrence of either event causes the top event to occur, then these events (blocks) are connected using an OR gate. Alternatively, if both events pauperisation to occur to cause the top event to occur, they are connected by an AND gate. As a visualization example, consider the simple case of a system comprised of two components, A and B, and where a failure of either component causes system failure. The system RBD is made up of two blocks in series (see RBD configurations), as show n undermentionedThe fault tree diagram for this system includes two basic events connected to an OR gate (which is the Top Event). For the Top Event to occur, either A or B must happen. In other words, failure of A OR B causes the system to fail. family relationships Between Fault Trees and RBDsIn general (and with some unique(predicate) exceptions), a fault tree can be easily converted to an RBD. However, it is generally more difficult to convert an RBD into a fault tree, especially if one allows for highly complex configurations. The following table shows gate symbols commonly used in fault tree diagrams and describes their relationship to an RBD. (The term Classic Fault Tree refers to the definitions as used in the Fault Tree Handbook (NUREG-0492) by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission).MethodologyFTA methodology is described in several industry and government standards, including NRC NUREG-0492 for the nuclear power industry, an aerospace-oriented revision to NUREG-0492 for use by NASA, SAE ARP4761 for civil aerospace, MIL-HDBK-338 for military systemsfor military systems. IEC standard IEC61025 is intended for cross-industry use and has been adopted as European Norme EN61025.Since no system is perfect, dealing with a subsystem fault is a necessity, and any working system eventually will have a fault in some place. However, the probability for a complete or partial success is greater than the probability of a complete failure or partial failure. collecting a FTA is thus not as tedious as assembling a success tree which can turn out to be very time consuming.Because assembling a FTA can be a costly and cumbersome experience, the perfect method is to consider subsystems. In this way dealing with small systems can assure less error work probability, less system analysis. Afterward, the subsystems integrate to form the well analyzed big system.An undesired effect is interpreted as the root (top event) of a tree of logic. There should be only one Top Even t and all concerns must tree down from it. Then, severally situation that could cause that effect is added to the tree as a series of logic expressions. When fault trees are labeled with actual numbers about failure probabilities (which are often in practice unavailable because of the expense of testing), computer programs can calculate failure probabilities from fault trees.The Tree is usually written out using conventional logic gate symbols. The route through a tree between an event and an initiator in the tree is called a let down Set. The shortest credible way through the tree from fault to initiating event is called a Minimal Cut Set.Some industries use both Fault Trees and Event Trees. An Event Tree starts from an undesired initiator (loss of critical supply, component failure etc.) and follows possible further system events through to a series of final consequences. As each new event is considered, a new node on the tree is added with a split of probabilities of taking eit her branch. The probabilities of a range of top events arising from the sign event can then be seen.Classic programs include the Electric occasion Research Institutes (EPRI) CAFTA software, which is used by many of the US nuclear power plants and by a majority of US and international aerospace manufacturers, and the Idaho National Laboratorys SAPHIRE, which is used by the U.S. Government to evaluate the safety and reliability of nuclear reactors, the musculus quadriceps femoris Shuttle, and the supranational Space Station. Outside the US, the software RiskSpectrum is a popular tool for Fault Tree and Event Tree analysis and is licensed for use at around half of the worlds nuclear power plants for Probabilistic Safety Assessment.AnalysisMany different approaches can be used to model a FTA, but the most common and popular way can be summarized in a few mistreats. Remember that a fault tree is used to analyze a single fault event, and that one and only one event can be analyzed d uring a single fault tree. Even though the fault may vary dramatically, a FTA follows the same procedure for an event, be it a delay of 0.25 msec for the generation of electrical power, or the random, unintended launch of an ICBM.FTA analysis involves five stepsDefine the undesired event to studyDefinition of the undesired event can be very hard to catch, although some of the events are very easy and obvious to observe. An engineer with a wide knowledge of the design of the system or a system analyst with an engineering punctuate is the best person who can help define and number the undesired events. Undesired events are used then to make the FTA, one event for one FTA no two events will be used to make one FTA.Obtain an understanding of the systemOnce the undesired event is selected, all causes with probabilities of impact the undesired event of 0 or more are studied and analyzed. Getting exact numbers for the probabilities leading to the event is usually impossible for the appr ehension that it may be very costly and time consuming to do so. Computer software is used to study probabilities this may lead to less costly system analysis.System analysts can help with understanding the overall system. System designers have full knowledge of the system and this knowledge is very important for not missing any cause affecting the undesired event. For the selected event all causes are then numbered and sequenced in the order of occurrence and then are used for the next step which is drawing or constructing the fault tree.Construct the fault treeAfter selecting the undesired event and having analyzed the system so that we know all the causing personal effects (and if possible their probabilities) we can now construct the fault tree. Fault tree is based on AND and OR gates which define the major characteristics of the fault tree.Evaluate the fault treeAfter the fault tree has been assembled for a specific undesired event, it is evaluated and analyzed for any possible procession or in other words study the risk management and find ways for system improvement. This step is as an introduction for the final step which will be to control the hazards identified. In short, in this step we identify all possible hazards affecting in a direct or confirming way the system.Control the hazards identifiedThis step is very specific and differs largely from one system to another, but the main point will always be that after identifying the hazards all possible methods are pursued to decrease the probability of occurrence.Comparison With Other Analytical MethodsFTA is a deductive, top-down method aimed at analyzing the effects of initiating faults and events on a complex system. This contrasts with Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), which is an inductive, bottom-up analysis method aimed at analyzing the effects of single component or function failures on equipment or subysystems. FTA is very profound at showing how resistant a system is to single or m ultiple initiating faults. It is not good at finding all possible initiating faults. FMEA is good at exhaustively cataloging initiating faults, and identifying their local effects. It is not good at examining multiple failures or their effects at a system level. FTA considers external events, FMEA does not. In civil aerospace the usual practice is to perform both FTA and FMEA, with a Failure Mode Effects Summary (FMES) as the interface between FMEA and FTA.Alternatives to FTA include Dependence Diagram (DD), also known as Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) and Markov Analysis. A Dependence Diagram is similar to a Success Tree Analysis (STA), the logical inverse of an FTA, and depicts the system using paths instead of gates. DD and STA produce probability of success (i.e., avoiding a top event) rather than probability of a top event.ReferencesEricson, Clifton (1999). Fault Tree Analysis A History (pdf). Proceedings of the 17th International Systems Safety Conference. http//www.fault-t ree.net/papers/ericson-fta-history.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17.Rechard, Robert P. (1999). Historical Relationship Between Performance Assessment for Radioactive Waste Disposal and Other Types of Risk Assessment in the United States (pdf). Risk Analysis (Springer Netherlands) 19 (5) 763-807. inside10.1023/A1007058325258. SAND99-1147J. http//www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/759847-JsFRIG/webviewable/. Retrieved 2010-01-22.Winter, Mathias (1995). Software Fault Tree Analysis of an Automated Control System Device Written in ADA (pdf). get the hang Thesis (Monterey, CA Naval Postgraduate School). ADA303377. http//handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA303377. Retrieved 2010-01-17.Benner, Ludwig (1975). Accident Theory and Accident Investigation. Proceedings of the Society of Air Safety Investigators Annual Seminar. http//www.iprr.org/papers/75iasiatheory.html. Retrieved 2010-01-17.DeLong, Thomas (1970). A Fault Tree Manual (pdf). Masters Thesis (Texas AM University). AD739001. http//www.dtic.mil/cgi-b in/GetTRDoc?AD=AD739001Location=U2doc=GetTRDoc.pdf. Retrieved 2010-03-09.Eckberg, C. R. (1964). Fault Tree Analysis Program Plan. Seattle, WA The Boeing Company. D2-30207-1. http//www.dtic.mil/srch/doc?collection=t3id=AD0299561. Retrieved 2010-01-17.Begley, T. F. e. e. cummings (1968). Fault Tree for Safety. RAC. ADD874448. http//www.dtic.mil/srch/doc?collection=t3id=ADD874448. Retrieved 2010-01-17.Hixenbaugh, A. F. (1968). Fault Tree for Safety. Seattle, WA The Boeing Company. D6-53604. http//www.dtic.mil/srch/doc?collection=t3id=AD0847015. Retrieved 2010-01-17.Acharya, Sarbes et. al. (1990) (pdf). Severe Accident Risks An Assessment for Five U.S. Nuclear Power Plants. Wasthington, DC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NUREG-1150. http//www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/staff/sr1150/v1/sr1150v1-intro-and-part-1.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17.Vesely, W. E. et. al. (1981) (pdf). Fault Tree Handbook. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NUREG-0492. http//www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc- collections/nuregs/staff/sr0492/sr0492.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17.Vesely, William et. al. (2002) (pdf). Fault Tree Handbook with Aerospace Applications. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http//www.hq.nasa.gov/office/codeq/doctree/fthb.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17.7.9 Fault Tree Analysis (pdf). Electronic Reliability Design Handbook. B. U.S. Department of Defense. 1998. MIL-HDBK-338B. http//www.everyspec.com/MIL-HDBK/MIL-HDBK+(0300+-+0499)/download.php?spec=MIL-HDBK-338B.015041.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17.Fault Tree Analysis. Edition 2.0. International Electrotechnical Commission. 2006. IEC61025. ISBN2-8318-8918-9.Long, Allen (pdf), Beauty the wildcat Use and Abuse of Fault Tree as a Tool, fault-tree.net, http//www.fault-tree.net/papers/long-beauty-and-beast.pdf, retrieved 16 January 2010.

A Covenant Is An Agreement Between Two People Religion Essay

A stipulation Is An Agreement Between Two People Religion EssayA cartel is an concordance between two people or two groups that involves promises on the part of each other. The concept of cartel between GOD and his people is one of the intimately important theological truths of the Bible. A covenant, in the biblical sense, implies much more than a contract or simple agreement. A contract always has an decease date, while a covenant is a permanent arrangement. Another difference is that a contract generally involves only parts of a person, such as a skill, while a covenant covers a persons total being. In theology and Biblical studies, the word covenant principally refers to a number of dreadful agreements made between theology and the children of Israel, as substantially as to the late concordat, which involves all who turn to God through Christ.1Firstly, the entire Bible Covenants can be viewed as Conditional and Un set apartal Covenants. The unconditional Covenants ar t hose covenants bound to deliver regardless of obedience or disobedience. God still fulfils these covenants with the Covenanted. Genesis 1215 reveals God grants Abram land and descendants without any specific condition being attached. While the conditional covenants (as shown in Gen. 17 the covenant of circumcision) are those with a condition attached. That is, this covenant vow bring either blessing or cursing depending on obedience or disobedience.The Bible speaks of several different covenants, and the opinions of Bible assimilator differ in terms of grouping. However, the following are the generally accepted groupingsADAMIC COVENANTThis can be thought of in two parts the Edenic Covenant-Innocence. This is free-base in Genesis 126-30 216-17. The Edenic Covenant outlined mans responsibility toward creation and Gods directive regarding the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.2The Adamic Covenant-Grace included the curses pronounced over against worldly concern for the sin o f Adam and Eve, as well as Gods provision for that sin as stated in Genesis 315. We see in this measure Gods plan for salvation through Christ. The phrase, you will strike his heel refers to Satans repeated attempt to defeat Christ during His life on earth. He will coquette your head foreshadows Satans defeat when Christ rose from the dead. A bruise on the heel is not deadly, but a crush on the head is. already God was revealing His plan to defeat Satan and offer salvation to the world through His Son Jesus Christ.3God finally carry through this covenant through Christ life, death and resurrectionNOAHIC COVENANTThis was an unconditional covenant between God and Noah specifically and extended to gentlemans gentlemanity in general through Christ. This covenant has three parts (1) God promised humanity that He would never again destroy all life on earth with the Flood. (2) God promised to preserve the seasons of the year. apiece season will come in its time as long as the earth rem ains. (3) God gave the rainbow as a sign that He will keep the covenant. To this day, God has kept this covenant. The earths order and seasons are still preserved and the rainbow reminds us of Gods faithfulness to His Word. Christ, who is Gods Word is the preservation of the earth thus God fulfilled this covenant through Christ. God blesses and commands Noah and his sons, that they should be fruitful and multiply, and populate the earth. He places all plants and animals under human command, forbids eating meat with the credit line still in it and forbids murderABRAHAMIC COVENANTGenesis Chapters 12-17 show God giving Abraham several promises. He promised that He would make Abrahams name great, that he would have numerous personal and spiritual descendants, and that he would be the father of a multitude of nations. God also made promises regarding a nation called Israel. In fact, the geographical boundaries of the Abrahamic Covenant are laid out on more than one occasion in the boo k of Genesis. Another provision in the Abrahamic Covenant is that the families of the world will be blessed through the physical line of Abraham. Circumcision is to be the permanent sign of this everlasting covenant with Abraham and his male descendants and is known as the covenant of circumcision. To give Abrahams descendants all the land from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates. Later, this land came to be referred to as the Promised Land however the land specified by the Abrahamic Covenant also includes the modern nations of Saudi Arabia, Omen, Yemen, Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Kuwait, UAE, and several other nations within the Middle East Region. To make Abraham a father of many nations and of many descendants and the land of Canaan as well as the entire middle-east to his descendant.Through Abrahams family tree, Jesus Christ was born to proceed humanity. Through Christ, all people and all nations of the earth can have a kin with God and be blessed beyond measure. T his whole covenant is fulfil through the life, death and resurrection Christ Jesus.MOSAIC COVENANTThe Mosaic Covenant was a conditional covenant that either brought Gods direct blessing for obedience or Gods direct cursing for disobedience upon the nation of Israel. Part of the Mosaic Covenant was the Ten Commandments found in Exodus 20. The history books of the Old Testament detail how Israel succeeded at obeying the law and how they also failed miserably at obeying the law. Deuteronomy 1126-28 enlarge specifically the blessing/cursing designed. Gods plan to save mankind and to maintain a perfect consanguinity with man failed, as man constantly breached the covenants and broke the laws. Man was charged to obey about 2, 713 Commandments, judgments and ordinance of God.4This plan for redemption was fulfilled in Christ (through Christ death on the Cross), who was the only human who obeyed and fulfilled all the laws. God promised to make the children of Israel His special possession among all people if they obey God and keep his covenant to make them a estate of priests and a holy nation. To give the children of Israel the Sabbath as the permanent sign of this covenantDAVIDIC COVENANTThe Davidic Covenant amplifies the seed aspect which was detailed in the Abrahamic Covenant as revealed in 2 Samuel 78-16. God promised that Davids physical line of descent would last forever and that his kingdom would never pass away permanently. This kingdom, furthermore, would have a ruling individual exercising authority over it. There will come a time when someone from the royal line of David will again sit on the throne and rule as King. This was fulfilled in Christ Jesus as shown in Luke 132-33. During Jesus life, He was referred to as the Son of David (Christ Genealogy) thus fulfilling this covenant that David throne shall be established forever. Among theologians, the opinion is unanimous that Christ fulfils the Davidic Covenant. The book of the generation of Jesus Chris t, the son of David, the son of Abraham5 gigabyte Son of David, have clemency on us.6THE NEW COVENANT (COVENANT OF GRACE)The covenant of grace, then, spans the whole of redemptive history from Gen 315 till the coming of the Lord. Whereas in the Mosaic Covenant, salvation/blessing was to be merited by works but in the Covenant of Grace it is received by faith altogether in the works of Christ (death and resurrection). It is through faith in Christ as the second Adam, especially in His life, death and resurrection, that Gods people receive stark(a) life. This Covenant theology teaches that Jesus, as the second Adam, came to save lost sinners (Tim 115). His work is not simply to open up the possibility of salvation, but to save completely those who come to God through Him (Heb 724). That is why the writer of Hebrews declared Neither by blood of goats and calves, but by His own blood He entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us7The Christian in t he altogether Covenant resembles the theological concept of a naked as a jaybird relationship between God and man mediated by Jesus which necessarily includes all people, both Jews and Gentiles nations. Christians believe the New Covenant ends the original sin and transgress death for everyone who becomes a Christian and cannot only be a renewal of the Mosaic Covenant since it seemingly accomplishes new things. Christian laws of faith claim that a New Covenant of the replaces/fulfils or completes Gods Mosaic covenant. The only reference in the Hebrew Bible that uses the wording new covenant is found in the keep back of Jeremiah, Chapters 30-33 (Gods promise of restoration), (Jeremiah 3131-34). The New Covenant is a covenant made with the nation of Israel which speaks about the blessings which are detailed in the Abrahamic Covenant. In the New Covenant, God promises to forgive sin, and there will be a universal knowledge of the Lord (verse 34). It even appears that the nation of I srael will have a special relationship with their God (verse 33).The New Testament makes a clear distinction between Mosaic Covenant (Covenant of Law) and Covenants of Promise (Covenant of Grace). The apostle Paul spoke of these two Covenants, one originating from burn down Sinai, the other from the Jerusalem above (Gal. 424-26). Paul also argued that the covenant established at Mount Sinai, the Law, is a ministry of death and condemnation (II Cor. 37, 9) a covenant that cannot be obeyed because of mans weakness and sin (Rom. 83). But the Covenants of Promise (Eph. 212) are Gods guarantees that He will provide salvation in outrage of mans inability to keep his side of the agreement because of sins nature. Christ death ushered in the New Covenant under which we are justified by Gods grace and mercy rather than our human attempts to keep the law. And Jesus Himself is the Mediator of this better Covenant between GOD and man (Heb. 915). Jesus sacrificial death served as the oath, whi ch GOD made to us to seal this New Covenant. He is determined to give us eternal life and fellowship with Him, in spite of our unworthiness. As the Book of Hebrews declares, The word of the oath, which came after the law, appoints the Son who has been perfected forever (Heb. 728). This is still Gods promise to any person who turns to Him in repentance and faith.Under this New Covenant, GOD would write His Law on human hearts. This promised action suggested a new level of obedience, a new knowledge of the LORD, and a new gentleness of sin.The New Testament, which itself means New Covenant, interprets the work of Jesus Christ as bringing this promised Covenant into being. In Luke 2220, when Jesus ate the Passover meal at the Last Supper with His disciples, He spoke of the cup as the New Covenant in My blood. When the apostle Paul recited the tradition he had received concerning the Last Supper, he quoted these dustup of Jesus about the cup as the New Covenant in My blood (I Cor. 112 5).Jesus is referred to by the writer of Hebrews as the Mediator of the New Covenant (Heb. 915 1224). The new covenant, a better covenantestablished on better promises (Heb. 86), rests directly on the sacrificial work of Christ. The new covenant accomplished what the old could not removal of sin and cleansing of the conscience (Heb. 102, 22). The work of Jesus Christ on the cross thus makes the Old Covenant obsolete (Heb. 813) and fulfils the promise of the prophet Jeremiah-Christ is the fulfilment of all the Covenants.CHINYERE C. CHUKWU

Gateway Arch Development

gateway Arch DevelopmentGabe BohlerStanding at 630 feet, the Gateway Arch transcends all other memorials in its way. The Archs superior height allowed for travelers to see, compensate from a great distance, that they were approaching the Gateway to the West which is how the Arch got its name. Pierre Laclede realized a bartering station in 1764 at the exact same location on which the Arch now stands. Located in St. Louis, Missouri, the arch was built for the Jefferson theme Expansion Memorial. Eero Saarinen, the architect of the arch, was born in Finland and the son of an art school dean. Saarinen won the memorials project contest and helped make his design into reality. Not only is it a beautiful piece of art, it has a rich history behind it. This masterpiece symbolizes the westward involution that took devote to get the land we now have in our country. As you may know, through this process, many inwrought Ameri rears were forced into reservations and tribes were destroyed. Ho wever, if the intricacy never happened, we would not have the grand country we give-up the ghost currently live in. Although westward expansion is often fantastic as being cruel and unjust to the indigenous plenty, the Gateway arch symbolizes the importance and glory of the progressive expansion. almost late 1933, civic leader Luther Ely Smith, returning to St. Louis from Indiana, saw the St. Louis riverside area and visualized a memorial on that point which would stimulate the economy. He proposed his idea to the city mayor who in turn brought it up in a meeting with other city officials. They approved the proposal, which resulted in Jefferson National Expansion Memorial tie-in being created. Smith was appointed chairman and the familiaritys goal was to create A suitable and permanent public memorial to the men who made possible the westbound territorial expansion of the United States, particularly President Jefferson, his aides Livingston and Monroe, the great explorers, Lewis and Clark, and the hardy hunters, trappers, frontiersmen and pioneers who contributed to the territorial expansion and development of these United States, and thereby to bring beforehand the public of this and future generations the history of our development and induce familiarity with the patriotic accomplishments of these great builders of our country. Many locals did not agree with the idea of depleting public funds for the cause and even Smiths own daughter related saying the people need more practical things but he would fire back that spiritual things were of equal importance. The association estimated that $30 million would be required to get the project in motion, with the U.S government footing $22.5 million of the total cost. The proposition to give the riverside a makeover was not new, with earlier projects surfacing during the economic downturn brought about by the Great Depression.On December 21, Franklin D. Roosevelt signed off on an executive install to put t he project in motion, which would set aside 82 acres for the first National Historic Site. The motivation of the project was twofold-commemorating westward expansion and creating jobs however, not all taxpayers were onboard with the project that many called a boondoggle. After an intense competition to see who would be designing the Arch, Saarinens team was picked for best design. His team worked to perfect their design and on September 1, 1947, they submitted as the first stage to the jury. By January 1951, Saarinen proposed 21 sketches, which included scale pictures of the attractions near the Arch itself. In 1959 and 1960, the foundation for the monument was line to be laid and by the next year, the structural components were being added. Finally, by January 22, 1962, after the previous meeting was postponed, the bidding meeting commenced with over 50 companies attendance the event. Initial building of the Arch started the next year in 1963 and was finally completed in 1965, tw o years later.As the country grew and brandished, the American people where always one to push their bounds. In 1763, we proudly, defied Englands proclamation of the year, and settled west of the Appalachian mountains. A little later, the westward people pushed Indians, animals, and society to a place where no American person had gone before. But all the while, one of import factor determined where they transported themselves, where they settled, and what they did when they got there. This factor, the environment, profoundly affected the settlers way of life, and other factors, such as the Indians and the railroad, only aggravated a pre-existing condition. The settlers of the late 1800s had only one way to get to the west- along the pre-existing routes established by the courier-de-bois, Spanish settlers, and the Indians of the past. These routes, which flowed through the only passable areas of the Rockies, naturally led to Oregon and California, which caused an increase in the p opulation of these regions at the time. On the home front, the environment played an important role on the family life as well. With an increased sense of independence, women had gained rights to vote and proprietorship. But with this increased sense of independence came the added responsibility of being the family doctor, chef, and provider of family simpleness and support.Although westward expansion can be seen as positive, it also had many negative effects including war, slavery, and the suffering of many Native Americans. Starting with the French and Indian War, the United States, or in that time, the colonies, has always encroached on the Native Americans. This war was only the start to many others which brought about suffering to the Native Americans and American people. During the American conquest of the west, Natives were for often forced into slavery when a tribe was attacked and defeated. Steps for peace were thought to be made by the American government to move the Nat ive Americans into smaller reservations. These reservations were too small to hold the huge tribes and the soil was unfertile to plant food to last for a while. For example, the Trail of Tears relocated around 4000 Cherokees into a reservation in Oklahoma. Throughout the journey, many Native Americans died due to harsh conditions. This is seen as a cruel punishment but it was meant for good. If this expansion never happened, the United States wouldnt have the land and greatness we now have. Although it was often cruel and unjust, which could have been made easier and less harsh, it was needed in order to expand the country to fit the population of the rising US. Due to this expansion, the Gateway Arch symbolizing it and its greatness may be disliked by many Native Americans today. Building a monument for the enlargement into the west can however, help everyone appreciate the expansion and the importance it had to our country.Rising above all other monuments, there is a reason why t he Gateway Arch is the tallest monument in the country. Perfectly placed in St. Louis, Missouri on the Mississippi river, the arch can be seen by anyone in the area or if they are visiting the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial for which the arch was made for. The Arch represents the westward expansion and most things that were involved with it. Native Americans were treated badly during the expansion but our country wouldnt be what it now is today without it. Although westward expansion is often distinguished as being cruel and unjust to the indigenous people, the Gateway arch symbolizes the importance and glory of the progressive expansion.

Walter Mosley :: essays research papers

Walter Mosley was born in Los Angeles in 1952. He currently lives in New York City. He has been at various times in his life a potter, a computer schedulemer, a poet, and a short story writer he studied writing in the graduate program of City College ofNew York.The first title in his scant(p) Rawlins mystery series, DEVIL IN A BLUE DRESS was released in September 1990 to immense critical acclaim. His first non-mystery, a novel about the blues, R.L.s DREAM, was print by W.W. Norton in August 1995.Mosleys most recent work, BLUE LIGHT, a science fiction novel, was published by Little, Brown in November 1998Mosleys work doubly nominate for Edgar Award both WHITE BUTTERFLY and BLACK BETTY were nominated for a princely Dagger Award in England and one of his short stories, THE WATTS LION, was nominated for the Best Pi Short Storyin 1994. THE THIEF, another short story, was awarded the O.Henry Prize in 1996. ALWAYS OUTNUMBERED, ALWAYS OUTGUNNED was awarded the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awa rd in 1998. Mosleys books surrender been translated into twenty languages and his short stories have appeared in GC, Esquire, USA Weekend, and Buzz magazines.Devil in a Blue Dress was made into a movie in 1995 starring Denzel Washington and Jennifer Beals, produced by Jonathan Demme and directed by Carl Franklin. Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned was adapted by Mosley for an HBO originalmovie starring Lawrence Fishburne, Natalie Cole, Cicely Tyson, and Bill Cobbs, directed by Michael Apted, and produced by Palomar Productions. A second Socrates Fortlow movie is in the works, with Mosley again writing the script and Fishburne in thelead role.Mosley serves on the board of TransAfrica, the National BookFoundation, the Poetry fiat of America, Manhattan Theater Club, and is past president of the Mystery Writers of America.Walter Mosley essays research papers Walter Mosley was born in Los Angeles in 1952. He currently lives in New York City. He has been at various times in his lif e a potter, a computer programmer, a poet, and a short story writer he studied writing in the graduate program of City College ofNew York.The first title in his Easy Rawlins mystery series, DEVIL IN A BLUE DRESS was released in September 1990 to great critical acclaim. His first non-mystery, a novel about the blues, R.L.s DREAM, was published by W.W. Norton in August 1995.Mosleys most recent work, BLUE LIGHT, a science fiction novel, was published by Little, Brown in November 1998Mosleys work twice nominated for Edgar Award both WHITE BUTTERFLY and BLACK BETTY were nominated for a Golden Dagger Award in England and one of his short stories, THE WATTS LION, was nominated for the Best Pi Short Storyin 1994. THE THIEF, another short story, was awarded the O.Henry Prize in 1996. ALWAYS OUTNUMBERED, ALWAYS OUTGUNNED was awarded the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in 1998. Mosleys books have been translated into twenty languages and his short stories have appeared in GC, Esquire, USA Weekend, a nd Buzz magazines.Devil in a Blue Dress was made into a movie in 1995 starring Denzel Washington and Jennifer Beals, produced by Jonathan Demme and directed by Carl Franklin. Always Outnumbered, Always Outgunned was adapted by Mosley for an HBO originalmovie starring Lawrence Fishburne, Natalie Cole, Cicely Tyson, and Bill Cobbs, directed by Michael Apted, and produced by Palomar Productions. A second Socrates Fortlow movie is in the works, with Mosley again writing the script and Fishburne in thelead role.Mosley serves on the board of TransAfrica, the National BookFoundation, the Poetry Society of America, Manhattan Theater Club, and is past president of the Mystery Writers of America.

Sophocles Antigone - Sophocles and Antigone :: Antigone essays

Sophocles and Antigone Sophocles is an ancient Greek writer and philosopher, who wrote one of the greatest stories of all time Antigone. Sophocles is also said to be one of the greatest minds in the ancient world. This paper talks about Antigone, achievements and times of Sophocles. Sophocles was born about 496 BC at Colonus in Attica, near capital of Greece and died 406 BC. He lived in the most brilliant intellectual period of Athens. Sophillus, his father, was a wealth Athenian citizen and gave him a sound education in music, gymnastics, and dancing. He was easily known as having a reputation for learning and esthetic taste. He was well versed in Homer and the Greek lyric poets, and because of his industriousness he was known as the Attic Bee (Rexine 132). Do to his youthful beauty, he was chosen to lead the chorus in the Paen of Thanksgiving for the naval victory at Salamis in 480 BC. (Rexine 132) In Sophocles long life he several times held public office, partly d o to his fame as a dramatist and his gentle qualities as a man. In 440 BC he was establish one of the generals in the war which Pericles led against Samos, and in 413 BC. (Magill, Kohler p 1023) He was also one of the ten commissioners appointed after the failure of the expedition to Sicily, to govern Athens. Pericles once said to him you know how to write poetry, but you certainly dont know how to command an multitude (Internet) Sophocles first won first prize, in a competition with Aeschylus, on 468 BC at the age of twenty-eight. During his career he never won slight than second prize and gained first prize twenty times, more than any other Greek tragedian. Sophocles wrote more than 120 tragedies, only a mear seven declare survived. Plutarch tells us that there were three periods in Sophocless literary development imitation of the grand style of Aeschylus, use of artificial and incisive style, and use of the crush style and that which is most expressive of character. It i s only from the third period we have examples of. (Rexine p134) The seven tragedies that survive are Ajax 447 BC, Antigone 442/441 BC, Oedipus at Colonus 401 BC, Tracheniae 437-432 BC, Oedipus Rex 429 BC, Electra 418-414 BC.